The optimal treatment for complex fractures and large bone defects is an important unsolved
issue in orthopedics and related specialties. Approximately 5–10% of fractures fail to heal …

Tissue engineering strategies for treating bone loss to date have largely focused on
targeting stem cells or vascularization. Immune cells, including macrophages and T cells …

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a subject of intense experimental and
biomedical interest. Recently, trophic activities of MSCs have become the topic of a number …

Fracture healing is a regenerative process in which bone is restored without scar tissue
formation. The healing cascade initiates with a cycle of inflammation, cell migration …

Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a blood concentrate system obtained by centrifugation of
peripheral blood. First PRF matrices exhibited solid fibrin scaffold, more recently liquid PRF …

It is estimated that, of the 7.9 million fractures sustained in the United States each year, 5%
to 20% result in delayed or impaired healing requiring therapeutic intervention. Following …

We summarize research approaches and findings on bone healing and regeneration that
were presented at a workshop at the 60th annual meeting of the Orthopedic Research …

Key events occurring during the bone healing include well-orchestrated and complex
interactions between immune cells, multipotential stromal cells (MSCs), osteoblasts and …

T cells are adaptive immune cells essential in pathogenic response, cancer, and
autoimmune disorders. During the integration of biomaterials with host tissue, T cells modify …

The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a generic term for the secretion
of cytokines, such as pro-inflammatory factors and proteases. It is a crucial feature of …