An increased intestinal permeability has been described in various gastrointestinal and non-
gastrointestinal disorders. Nevertheless, the concept and definition of intestinal permeability …

M cells are specialized intestinal epithelial cells that provide the main machinery for
sampling luminal microbes for mucosal immune surveillance. M cells are usually found in …

Abstract Treatment options for COVID‐19, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, remain limited.
Understanding viral pathogenesis at the molecular level is critical to develop effective …

Tumor cell lines are often used as models for the study of nanoparticle− cell interactions.
Here we demonstrate that carboxy (PS-COOH) and amino functionalized (PS-NH2) …

All organisms belong to one of the three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya (Fig.
2.1). The phylogenetic classification of the organisms is achieved based on the sequence …

Ebolavirus (EBOV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus that causes
severe hemorrhagic fever with mortality rates of up to 90% in humans and nonhuman …

Viral infection converts the normal functions of a cell to optimize viral replication and virion
production. One striking observation of this conversion is the reconfiguration and …

Eukaryotic cells constantly form and internalize plasma membrane vesicles in a process
known as endocytosis. Endocytosis serves a variety of housekeeping and specialized …

Listeria monocytogenes has, in 25 y, become a model in infection biology. Through the
analysis of both its saprophytic life and infectious process, new concepts in microbiology …

Our understanding of endocytosis has evolved remarkably in little more than a decade. This
is the result not only of advances in our knowledge of its molecular and biological workings …