The application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is coming of
age in drug development and regulation, reflecting significant advances over the past 10 …

This review summarizes the current knowledge on anatomy and physiology of the human
gastrointestinal tract in comparison with that of common laboratory animals (dog, pig, rat and …

Intestinal first-pass metabolism may contribute to low oral drug bioavailability and drug-drug
interactions, particularly for CYP3A substrates. The current analysis predicted intestinal …

Quantitative estimations of first-in-human (FIH) doses are critical for phase I clinical trials in
drug development. Human pharmacokinetic (PK) prediction methods have been developed …

The use of whole body physiological‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models linked with in
vitro‐in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of kinetic parameters from laboratory experiments, has …

Current drug-drug interaction (DDI) prediction models incorporate intestinal interaction as
the ratio of the intestinal availability in the presence and absence of an inhibitor/inducer …

Abstract Backgrond and Objective Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel
disease that affects a wide age range. Hence, CD patients receive a variety of drugs over …

It is difficult to predict the first-pass effect in the human intestine due to a lack of scaling
factors for correlating in vitro and in vivo data. We have quantified cytochrome P450/3A4 …

Unmanageable severe adverse events caused by drug‐drug interactions (DDIs), leading to
market withdrawals or restrictions in the clinical usage, are increasingly avoided with the …

This review highlights the “interplay” between enzymes and transporters, essential
components of eliminating organs for drug removal. The understanding of the interplay is …