Composting is an important technology used to treat and convert organic waste into value-
added products. Recently, several studies have been done to investigate the effects of …

Our heavy reliance on chemical fertilizers for agricultural practices has fostered the
development of a vast industry that is producing chemicals that are toxic not only for humans …

Empty fruit bunches (EFB) are valuable palm oil mill waste that could be used to produce
multiple products in the form of energy, chemicals, and materials. Therefore, efficient …

The palm oil industry is one industry that significantly contributes to the Indonesian
economy. Indonesia's palm oil exports keep increasing every year. In addition to producing …

Farm agro-waste to wealth refers to converting agricultural waste into valuable products.
This approach has become increasingly popular due to its potential economic …

In Malaysia, Elaeis guineensis. Jacq.(oil palm) is considered as an important plantation crop
where the cultivation of oil palm covers 77% of the agricultural land in Malaysia. Palm oil is …

Riau Province has smallholder oil palm plantations located in forest areas. Land conflicts in
the area consist of vertical conflicts and horizontal conflicts. Land conflicts hinder the …

Rice husk ash waste would cause dangerous environmental problems in soil and air. One of
the solutions to overcome the environmental impact of rice husk ash is by processing it into a …

Sago bark (SB) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) are available abundantly as agricultural waste
in Sarawak. This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of …

In Malaysia, an abundance of PEFB of biomass waste with the amount of 23 million tonnes
is produced annually in landfills. Malaysia's oil palm sector has grown rapidly because of …