Gender and biological sex impact the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including
metabolic disorders such as diabetes. In most parts of the world, diabetes is more prevalent …

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through
uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for …

More than 1 out of 10 women worldwide are diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS), the leading cause of female reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Despite its …

We live in a world that is largely socially constructed, and we are constantly involved in and
fundamentally influenced by a broad array of complex social interactions. Social behaviors …

Background Endogenous sex hormones are important for metabolic health in men and
women. Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic cardiovascular …

Estrogens have historically been associated with female reproduction, but work over the last
two decades established that estrogens and their main nuclear receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) …

Over the last two decades, it has become evident that estrogens preserve the integrity of
energy homeostasis at central and peripheral levels. Estrogen deficiency, such as that …

The NIH has recently highlighted the importance of sexual dimorphisms and has mandated
inclusion of both sexes in clinical trials and basic research. In this review we highlight new …

Oestrogen depletion in rodents and humans leads to inactivity, fat accumulation and
diabetes,, underscoring the conserved metabolic benefits of oestrogen that inevitably …

Every year, 2 million women reach menopause in the United States, and they may spend
40% or more of their life in a postmenopausal state. In the years immediately preceding …