Thyroid hormones are essential for growth, neuronal development, reproduction and
regulation of energy metabolism. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common …

Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles
in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T …

Introduction The association between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and other auto-immune
diseases is well known. However, a quantitative overview of all associated auto-immune …

Although amiodarone is considered the most effective antiarrhythmic agent, its use is limited
by a wide variety of potential toxicities. The purpose of this review is to provide a …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have proven to be effective for various advanced neoplasia.
Immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) as a result of increased T cell activation are unique …

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody (TSH-R-Ab or TRAb) testing plays a
pivotal role in arriving at the aetiological diagnosis in patients with thyrotoxicosis. A positive …

Results The TLGS was initiated in 1999-2001 on a population in district no. 13 of Tehran
with the same age distribution of the overall Tehran population and with a middle …

Background Universal salt iodization (USI) was implemented in mainland China in 1996.
The prevalence of hyperthyroidism and its risk factors now require examination. Methods …

McArdle disease is caused by recessive mutations in PYGM gene. The condition is
considered to cause a “pure” muscle phenotype with symptoms including exercise …

Objectives Cardiovascular mortality in Western Asia is high and still rising. However, most
data documented on risk prediction has been derived from Western countries and few …