Gram-negative bacteria characteristically are surrounded by an additional membrane layer,
the outer membrane. Although outer membrane components often play important roles in …

Gram-negative bacteria contain a double membrane which serves for both protection and for
providing nutrients for viability. The outermost of these membranes is called the outer …

The acquisitions of mitochondria and plastids were important events in the evolution of the
eukaryotic cell, supplying it with compartmentalized bioenergetic and biosynthetic factories …

β-Barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) represent the major proteinaceous component of
the outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria. These proteins perform key roles in …

Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer membrane layer which constrains uptake and
secretion of solutes and polypeptides. To overcome this barrier, bacteria have developed …

Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (OM) that functions as a barrier to protect
the cell from toxic compounds such as antibiotics and detergents. The OM is a highly …

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli serves as a
protective barrier that controls the influx and efflux of solutes. This allows the bacteria to …

Lipopolysaccharide or LPS is localized to the outer leaflet of the outer membrane and serves
as the major surface component of the bacterial cell envelope. This remarkable glycolipid is …

The outer membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts are distinguished by the presence of
β-barrel membrane proteins,. The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria also harbours …

The folding of transmembrane proteins into the outer membrane presents formidable
challenges to Gram-negative bacteria. These proteins must migrate from the cytoplasm …