Genomic instability is a primary cause and fundamental feature of human cancer. However,
all cancer cell genotypes generally translate into several common pathophysiological …

Pain results from the activation of a subset of sensory neurones termed nociceptors and has
evolved as a “detect and protect” mechanism. However, lesion or disease in the sensory …

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) initiate action potentials in electrically excitable
cells and tissues. Surprisingly, some VGSC genes are aberrantly expressed in a variety of …

Eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels contribute to the rising phase of action
potentials and served as an early muse for biophysicists laying the foundation for our current …

Saltatory conduction of action potentials along myelinated axons depends on the nodes of
Ranvier—small unmyelinated axonal domains where voltage-gated sodium channels are …

Computational modeling indicates that cardiac conduction may involve ephaptic coupling–
intercellular communication involving electrochemical signaling across narrow extracellular …

Ion channels are crucial in the generation and modulation of excitability in the nervous
system and have been implicated in human epilepsy. Forty-one epilepsy-associated ion …

Cardiac arrhythmias can follow disruption of the normal cellular electrophysiological
processes underlying excitable activity and their tissue propagation as coherent wavefronts …

The long history of local anesthetics (LAs) starts out in the late 19th century when the content
of coca plant leaves was discovered to alleviate pain. Soon after, cocaine was established …

Voltage gated sodium channels (VGSCs) were first identified in terms of their role in the
upstroke of the action potential. The underlying proteins were later identified as saxitoxin …