Adaptive radiation is a response to natural selection and ecological opportunity involving
diversification of species and associated adaptations. Although evolutionary biologists have …

Phylogeography's objective—to understand the processes underlying the spatial and
temporal dimensions of genetic variation—underlies both the prominence and extensive …

Accurate taxonomy is central to the study of biological diversity, as it provides the needed
evolutionary framework for taxon sampling and interpreting results. While the number of …

What are the models used in phylogenetic analysis and what exactly is involved in Bayesian
evolutionary analysis using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods? How can you …

Until recently, it has been common practice for a phylogenetic analysis to use a single gene
sequence from a single individual organism as a proxy for an entire species. With …

The reconstruction of the Tree of Life has relied almost entirely on concatenation methods,
which do not accommodate gene tree heterogeneity, a property that simulations and theory …

Background Development of phylogenetic methods that do not rely on fossils for the study of
evolutionary processes through time have revolutionized the field of evolutionary biology …

The advent and maturation of algorithms for estimating species trees—phylogenetic trees
that allow gene tree heterogeneity and whose tips represent lineages, populations and …

Current molecular methods of species delimitation are limited by the types of species
delimitation models and scenarios that can be tested. Bayes factors allow for more flexibility …

The recently introduced term 'integrative taxonomy'refers to taxonomy that integrates all
available data sources to frame species limits. We survey current taxonomic methods …