The cervix is the gateway to the upper female reproductive tract, connecting the uterus and
vagina. It plays crucial roles in fertility and pregnancy maintenance from onset until delivery …

Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the most common pathogens
found in sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and both are known to increase the risk of …

Coinfections with pathogenic microbes continually confront cervical mucosa, yet their
implications in pathogenesis remain unclear. Lack of in-vitro models recapitulating cervical …

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is an obligate intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium that
causes a variety of infections in both humans and animals. It is the causative agent of one of …

In this work, a fractional order model for human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia
trachomatis (CT) co-infection is considered and analyzed. The existence and uniqueness of …

The global incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remains high, with the World
Health Organization (WHO) estimating that over 1 million people acquire STIs daily. STIs …

In this work, a co-infection model for human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia
trachomatis with cost-effectiveness optimal control analysis is developed and analyzed. The …

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of mortality worldwide. Persistent infection
with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) is a known significant risk factor in cervical …

High‐risk human papillomaviruses (HR‐HPVs) cause various malignancies in the
anogenital and oropharyngeal regions. About 70% of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers …

Background HPV and C. trachomatis are the most prevalent, viral and bacterial STI
worldwide. Both commonly have an asymptomatic development and can evolve into a …