A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and table-top sources of x-rays based upon high
harmonic generation (HHG) have revolutionized the field of ultrafast x-ray atomic and …

X-ray free-electron lasers enable the investigation of the structure and dynamics of diverse
systems, including atoms, molecules, nanocrystals and single bioparticles, under extreme …

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enable crystallographic structure determination beyond
the limitations imposed upon synchrotron measurements by radiation damage. The need for …

This roadmap article highlights recent advances, challenges and future prospects in studies
of the dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase. It comprises nineteen …

The pulse duration, and, more generally, the temporal intensity profile of free-electron laser
(FEL) pulses, is of utmost importance for exploring the new perspectives offered by FELs; it …

Based on high quality surgery and scientific data, scientists and surgeons are committed to
protecting patients as well as healthcare staff and hereby provide this Guidance to address …

Ultrafast changes of charge density distribution in diamond after irradiation with an intense x-
ray pulse (photon energy, 7.8 keV; pulse duration, 6 fs; intensity, 3× 10 19 W/cm 2) have …

Rapid proton migration is a key process in hydrocarbon photochemistry. Charge migration
and subsequent proton motion can mitigate radiation damage when heavier atoms absorb X …

Rapid development of X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) science has taken place in recent
years owing to the consecutive launch of large-scale XFEL instruments around the world …