Effectively designed data visualizations allow viewers to use their powerful visual systems to
understand patterns in data across science, education, health, and public policy. But …

Background. The role of cognitive biases and heuristics in medical decision making is of
growing interest. The purpose of this study was to determine whether studies on cognitive …

Measuring bias is key for better understanding and addressing unfairness in NLP/ML
models. This is often done via fairness metrics, which quantify the differences in a model's …

We review the growing literature on health numeracy, the ability to understand and use
numerical information, and its relation to cognition, health behaviors, and medical outcomes …

The global ubiquity of overuse and underuse of health-care resources and the gravity of
resulting harms necessitate an investigation of drivers to inform potential solutions. We …

With increasing frequency, patients are being asked to make complex decisions about
cancer screening, prevention, and treatment. These decisions are fraught with emotion and …

Background: Quantitative information about risks and benefits may be meaningful only to
patients who have some facility with basic probability and numerical concepts, a construct …

Objective: Icon arrays have been suggested as a potentially promising format for
communicating risks to patients—especially those with low numeracy skills—but …

The author reviewed the research on the impact of cognitive biases on professionals'
decision-making in four occupational areas (management, finance, medicine, and law). Two …

Objective: To test whether a patient's perception of benefit is influenced by whether the
benefit is presented in relative or absolute terms. Design: Questionnaire-based study …