Cluster-based routing techniques have become a key solution for managing data flow in
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which often struggle with limited resources and dynamic …

Metaheuristic algorithms have wide applicability, particularly in wireless sensor networks
(WSNs), due to their superior skill in solving and optimizing many issues in different …

The utilization of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which combine sensing, communication,
and computation in an intelligent environment. The use of energy becomes the primary …

Energy awareness is a key concern of recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT)
enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and many optimization approaches to reduce …

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the deployment of many battery-powered
sensors in various applications to gather, process, and analyze meaningful data. Clusters of …

Vehicle ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a vital part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS),
offering a variety of advantages from reduced traffic to increased road safety. Despite their …

Clustering routing is one of the most prevailing approaches for saving energy in wireless
sensor networks (WSNs). However, many existing clustering protocols have the problem of …

ABSTRACT In recent times, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become an
indispensable technology across various industries, offering diverse applications and …

Nowadays, smart environmental monitoring devices are widely used in various fields, and
one of the most representative tools is the wireless sensor network (WSN). WSNs are easy …

Given the resource limitations of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy conservation is
of utmost importance. Moreover, minimizing data collection delays is crucial to maintaining …