Low-grade inflammation is the hallmark of metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2
diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Emerging evidence indicates that these …

Cytokines are among the most important effector and messenger molecules in the immune
system. They profoundly participate in immune responses during infection and inflammation …

How intestinal microbes regulate metabolic syndrome is incompletely understood. We show
that intestinal microbiota protects against development of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and …

There has been a striking generational increase in life-threatening food allergies in
Westernized societies,. One hypothesis to explain this rising prevalence is that twenty-first …

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies (TNFSF/TNFRSF)
include 19 ligands and 29 receptors that play important roles in the modulation of cellular …

Multiple research groups have shown that diet impacts the gut microbiome; however,
variability in experimental design and quantitative assessment have made it challenging to …

Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently described IL-10 family cytokine that is produced by T
helper (Th) 17 cells, γδ T cells, NKT cells, and newly described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) …

Although discussion of the obesity epidemic had become a cocktail party cliché, its impact
on public health cannot be dismissed. In the past decade, cancer had joined the list of …

Targeted manipulation of the gut flora is increasingly being recognized as a means to
improve human health. Yet, the temporal dynamics and intra-and interindividual …

Obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome result from complex interactions between
genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiota. To dissect these …