Microneedles (MN) have the potential to become a highly progressive device for both drug
delivery and monitoring purposes as they penetrate the skin and pierce the stratum corneum …

Transdermal drug delivery offers a number of advantages for the patient, due not only its non-
invasive and convenient nature, but also factors such as avoidance of first pass metabolism …

A closed‐loop system that can mini‐invasively track blood glucose and intelligently treat
diabetes is in great demand for modern medicine, yet it remains challenging to realize …

Vaccine administration by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is the most commonly
prescribed route for inoculation, however, it is often associated with some deficiencies such …

Low-cost, robust, and reusable continuous glucose monitoring systems that can provide
quantitative measurements at point-of-care settings is an unmet medical need. Optical …

Insulin therapy is necessary to regulate blood glucose levels for people with type 1 diabetes
and commonly used in advanced type 2 diabetes. Although subcutaneous insulin …

Conventional systematically-administered drugs distribute evenly throughout the body, get
degraded and excreted rapidly while crossing many biological barriers, leaving minimum …

Although interstitial fluid (ISF) is recognized as an important source of biomarkers, it is
difficult and time‐consuming to extract, thus limiting its use in medical diagnostic and clinical …

Drug delivery systems are widely researched and developed to improve the delivery of
pharmaceutical compounds and molecules. The last few decades have seen a marked …

In general, there is a profound influence of reducing physical dimensions of particulates and
devices on their physico-chemical and biological properties, and their performance …