Research on the inter-relationship between drug abuse and social stress has primarily
focused on the role of stress exposure during adulthood and more recently, adolescence …

Environmental enrichment (EE) exposes laboratory animals to novelty and complexity
through alterations in the physical and social environment, which lead to enhanced sensory …

Puberty marks the beginning of a period of dramatic physical, hormonal, and social change.
This instability has made adolescence infamous as a time of “storm and stress” and it is well …

Individual variation in complex phenotypes, including those that predict the risk for mental
disorders, is best understood as a function of gene x environment interactions operating …

While the intrauterine environment is essential for the health of offspring, the impact of high
maternal serum estradiol (E2) on lipid metabolism in offspring and the mechanisms are …

Introduction Hormonal imprinting occurs perinatally, when the developing hormone
receptors connect to their target hormones. This is required for the normal development of …

BACKGROUND: Exposure to acute or chronic stress contributes to the occurrence of various
disorders of the central nervous system, psycho-emotional sphere, as well as increases the …

Gestational alcohol use is well documented as detrimental to both maternal and fetal health,
producing an increase in offspring's tendency for alcoholism, as well as in behavioral and …

The importance of maternal care on offspring development has received considerable
attention, although more recently, researchers have begun to focus on the significance of …

Behavioral consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can be transmitted from in
utero-exposed F1 generation to their F2 offspring. This type of transmission is modulated by …