Alcohol has many effects on brain function and hence on human behavior, ranging from
anxiolytic and mild disinhibitory effects, sedation and motor incoordination, amnesia …

The adenosine triphosphatases (ATPases) are integral membrane proteins that actively
exchange ions across cell membranes; the energy required for this process is derived from …

Brain neurons can transmit signals using a flow of Na+ and K+ ions, which produce an
electrical spike called an action potential (AP)(Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952). After an AP, the …

Studies from several laboratories have shown that ethanol impairs cerebellar function, in
part, by altering GABAergic transmission. Here, we discuss recent advances in our …

The underlying mechanisms that promote precise spiking in upper motor neurons controlling
fine motor skills are not well understood. Here we report that projection neurons in the adult …

Chronic excessive alcohol intoxications evoke cumulative damage to tissues and organs.
We examined prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area (BA) 9) from 20 human alcoholics and 20 …

The cerebellum is an important target of ethanol toxicity given that cerebellar ataxia is the
most consistent physical manifestation of acute ethanol consumption. Despite the …

Substance use disorders for cocaine are major public health concerns with few effective
treatment options. Therefore, identification of novel pharmacotherapeutic targets is critical for …

In injured neurons,“leaky” voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) underlie dysfunctional
excitability that ranges from spontaneous subthreshold oscillations (STO), to ectopic …

Exposure to ethanol (EtOH) during fetal development can lead to long-lasting alterations,
including deficits in fine motor skills and motor learning. Studies suggest that these are, in …