The past decades witnessed the golden era of hadron physics. Many excited open heavy
flavor mesons and baryons have been observed since 2017. We shall provide an updated …

This paper reports world averages of measurements of b-hadron, c-hadron, and τ τ-lepton
properties obtained by the Heavy Flavour Averaging Group using results available through …

This paper reports world averages of measurements of b-hadron, c-hadron, and τ-lepton
properties obtained by the Heavy Flavor Averaging Group using results available before …

The quark model was formulated in 1964 to classify mesons as bound states made of a
quark–antiquark pair, and baryons as bound states made of three quarks. For a long time all …

Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of quarks and gluons, whose interactions can be
described by a local SU (3) gauge symmetry with charges called “color quantum numbers” …

A large number of experimental discoveries especially in the heavy quarkonium sector that
did not meet the expectations of the until then very successful quark model led to a …

Chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking play an important role both in the light
hadron and heavy hadron systems. The chiral perturbation theory (χ PT) is the low energy …

The spectrum of hadrons is the manifestation of color confinement of quantum
chromodynamics. Hadronic resonances correspond to poles of the S-matrix. Since 2003 …

In the past decade many charmonium-like states were observed experimentally. Especially
those charged charmonium-like Z c states and bottomonium-like Z b states cannot be …

In this review, we present the current state of the art of our understanding of the spectrum of
excited strongly interacting particles and discuss methods that allow for a systematic and …