Publisher Summary This chapter reviews protocol and other empirical studies of design
activity, and summarizes results relevant to understanding the nature of design cognition …

This paper reports findings from the first systematic review of protocol studies focusing
specifically on conceptual design cognition, aiming to answer the following research …

The present research aims at examining what information architects think of and read off
from their own freehand sketches, and at revealing how they perceptually interact with and …

We have devised a new scheme for coding designers' cognitive actions from video/audio
design protocols. Designers' actions are coded into four cognitive levels; physical …

This work is a part of The Delft Protocols Workshop which is an international gathering of
experts on design research. The objective is to study the behaviours of designers using …

Understanding how designers think is core to advancing design methods, tools, and
outcomes. Engineering researchers have effectively turned to cognitive science approaches …

This paper argues that there is no shared understanding (ie an ontology) of the design
activities that designers perform in the design process. Hence the purpose of the paper was …

Co-evolutionary design has been developed as a computational model that assumes two
parallel search spaces: the problem space and the solution space. The design process …

This paper explores the use of heuristics as cognitive strategies invoked during the process
of design. Heuristics are reasoning processes that do not guarantee the best solution, but …

This report of a series of protocol studies of designers at varying levels of competence
examines the pedagogical system of integrating developing skills with increasing project …