For many years, our understanding of the behavior of the REE in hydrothermal systems was
based on semi-empirical estimates involving extrapolation of thermodynamic data obtained …

Epidote-group minerals rich in rare earth elements (REE), in particular allanite, are common
accessory phases in igneous, metamorphic, metasomatic, and sedimentary rocks. Small …

Rare earth elements (REE), essential metals for the transition to a zero-emission economy,
are mostly extracted from REE-fluorcarbonate minerals in deposits associated with …

Although the rare earth elements have been thought by many to be immobile in
hydrothermal fluids, we have known since the first attempts to separate them in the early …

A comprehensive account of ore-forming processes, revised and updated The revised
second edition of Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes offers a guide to the multiplicity of …

Standard partial molal thermodynamic properties including association constants for 246
inorganic aqueous rare earth element (REE) complexes with chloride, fluoride, hydroxide …

New technologies, particularly those designed to address environmental concerns, have
created a great demand for the rare earth elements (REE), and focused considerable …

Economically exploitable deposits of metallic minerals (ore deposits) form in the Earth's crust
through a variety of geologic processes. These involve extraction of metals at low …

Rare elements include rare-earth elements (REE), Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf. As a group, these
elements are concentrated in the crust and are incompatible (remain in the melt rather than …

The rare-earth elements (REE) are a group of seventeen speciality metals that have unique
and diverse chemical, magnetic, and luminescent properties that make them strategically …