Plant pathogens are one of the main factors hindering the breeding of cash crops.
Pathogens, including oomycetes, fungus, and bacteria, secrete effectors as invasion …

Microbial endophytes are present in all known plant species. The ability to enter and thrive
in the plant tissues makes endophytes unique, showing multidimensional interactions within …

The molecular composition of the cell wall is critical for the biology and ecology of each
fungal species. Fungal walls are composed of matrix components that are embedded and …

Endophytic fungi comprise host-associated fungal communities which thrive within the
tissues of host plants and produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites with various …

Plant immune receptors perceive microbial molecules and initiate an array of biochemical
responses that are effective against most invaders. The role of the plant immune system in …

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) distribute in different fungal phyla with variable host ranges
and play essential role in regulating insect populations by infecting hosts via cuticle …

Chitosan is a versatile compound with multiple biotechnological applications. This polymer
inhibits clinically important human fungal pathogens under the same carbon and nitrogen …

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship
with most land plants. They are known to secrete lysin motif (LysM) effectors into host root …

Various conceptual models to describe the plant immune system have been presented. The
most recent paradigm to gain wide acceptance in the field is often referred to as the zigzag …

During host colonization, plant-associated microbes, including fungi and oomycetes, deliver
a collection of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) to their cell surfaces and surrounding …