Genome-scale data and the development of novel statistical phylogenetic approaches have
greatly aided the reconstruction of a broad sketch of the tree of life and resolved many of its …

The evolutionary history of animal cognition appears to involve a few major transitions:
major changes that opened up new phylogenetic possibilities for cognition. Here, we review …

How to make a neuron, a synapse, and a neural circuit? Is there only one 'design'for a
neural architecture with a universally shared genomic blueprint across species? The brief …

Hydrostatic pressure increases with depth in the ocean, but little is known about the
molecular bases of biological pressure tolerance. We describe a mode of pressure …

The silk-spinning process of the silkworms transforms the liquid silk solution to a solid state
under mild conditions, making it an attractive model for bioinspiration However, the precise …

Neurons, especially when coupled with muscles, allow animals to interact with and navigate
through their environment in ways unique to life on earth. Found in all major animal lineages …

Ctenophores (commonly known as comb jellies) are among the earliest branching extant
lineages of the animal kingdom. Here, I present a brief overview of the ctenophore nervous …

Cilia are the major effectors in Ctenophores, but very little is known about their transmitter
control and integration. Here, we present a simple protocol to monitor and quantify cilia …

Neuronal circuits represent the functional units of the brain. Understanding how the circuits
are generated to perform computations will help us understand how the brain functions …

Background Understanding how coding genes and their functions evolve over time is a key
aspect of evolutionary biology. Protein coding genes poorly understood or characterized at …