Leptin, a hormone that is capable of effectively reducing food intake and body weight, was
initially considered for use in the treatment of obesity. However, obese subjects have since …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by
hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation. Depending on diagnostic criteria, 6% to 20% of …

The discovery of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone with important effects
on glycemic control and body weight regulation, led to efforts to extend its half-life and make …

The discovery of leptin changed the view of adipose tissue from that of a passive vessel that
stores fat to that of a dynamic endocrine organ that actively regulates behaviour and …

Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analog, induces weight loss, lowers
glucose levels, and reduces cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. Mechanistic …

The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from afferent neurons, circulating
hormones, and absorbed nutrients and integrates this information to orchestrate the actions …

Leptin is a hormone primarily produced by the adipose tissue in proportion to the size of fat
stores, with a primary function in the control of lipid reserves. Besides adipose tissue, leptin …

Convincing evidence has repeatedly shown that new neurons are produced in the
mammalian brain into adulthood. Adult neurogenesis has been best described in the …

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to
humans. In vertebrates, besides being produced in peripheral tissues and acting as an …