Electrical activity in neurons requires a seamless functional coupling between
plasmalemmal ion channels and ion transporters. Although ion channels have been studied …

Introduction: Central sensitization (CS) is present in a variety of chronic pain disorders,
including whiplash, temporomandibular disorders, low back pain, osteoarthritis …

Introduction: Central sensitization is a form of maladaptive neuroplasticity underlying many
chronic pain disorders, including neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, whiplash, headache …

In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), the inhibitory strength of chloride (Cl−)-
permeable GABAA and glycine receptors (GABAAR and GlyR) depends on the intracellular …

Introduction The primary objective of this paper is to (1) provide a summary of human studies
that have used brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a biomarker,(2) review animal …

Abstract Purpose of Review The goal of the review was to highlight recent advances in our
understanding of descending pain-modulating systems and how these contribute to …

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophic factor family of
signaling molecules. Since its discovery over three decades ago, BDNF has been identified …

Injury to the adult nervous system promotes the expression and secretion of brain-derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Because it promotes neuronal growth, survival and …

Chronic pain is sustained, in part, through the intricate process of central sensitization (CS),
marked by maladaptive neuroplasticity and neuronal hyperexcitability within central pain …

Encapsulated stem cells in various biomaterials have become a potentially promising cell
transplantation strategy in the treatment of various neurologic disorders. However, there is …