Depression of metabolic rate has been recorded for virtually all major animal phyla in
response to environmental stress. The extent of depression is usually measured as the ratio …

For most fish, body temperature is very close to that of the habitat. The diversity of thermal
habitats exploited by fish as well as their capacity to adapt to thermal change makes them …

▪ Abstract The cost of living can be measured as an animal's metabolic rate. Basal metabolic
rate (BMR) is factorially related to other metabolic rates. Analysis of BMR variation suggests …

Estivation is a state of aerobic hypometabolism used by organisms to endure seasonally
arid conditions, often in desert environments. Estivating species are often active for only a …

Temperature is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the physiology of
animals. Seasonal fluctuations in temperature are of particular importance in aquatic …

Hibernation and daily torpor involve substantial decreases in body temperature and
metabolic rate, allowing birds and mammals to cope with cold environments and/or limited …

As oxygen concentrations in marine coastal habitats can fluctuate rapidly and drastically,
sessile marine organisms such as the oyster Crassostrea gigas can experience marked and …

The freshwater turtle Trachemys scripta can survive in the complete absence of O2 (anoxia)
for periods lasting several months. In mammals, anoxia leads to mitochondrial dysfunction …

The mitochondrion plays a critical role in the development of Oxygen (O 2)-related diseases.
While research has predominantly focused on hypoxia-sensitive mammals as surrogates for …

Cells isolated from the hepatopancreas of the land snail Helix aspersa strongly depress
respiration both immediately in response to lowered (oxygen conformation) and, in the …