This article presents a review of the research into gas stirring in ladle metallurgy carried out
over the past few decades. Herein, the physical modeling experiments are divided into four …

Gas bubbles are of major importance in most metallurgical processes. They promote
chemical reactions, homogenize the melt, or float inclusions. Thus, their dynamics are of …

Methane pyrolysis using molten catalysts in a bubble column reactor (BCR) has recently
been proposed to produce hydrogen with separable carbon particles as byproducts. In this …

Abstract A one-dimensional (1D) molten-metal-based bubble-column reactor (MMBCR)
model coupled with heat transfer and axial dispersion was developed for non-oxidative CH …

A grid-filtered scale interface-resolved volume of fluid (VoF) model coupling a sub-grid scale
large eddy simulation (LES) was used to directly simulate bubble behavior and the evolution …

The inclusion removal mechanism due to a bubble wake flow was studied using a water
model and a three dimensional numerical model. In the experiments, a high-speed camera …

This paper deals with the dynamics of rising bubbles attached to a vertical wall under
different wettability conditions. Even though, bubbles rising freely in a liquid have …

Metallurgical converters such as the argon–oxygen decarburization (AOD) converter
generally utilize gas blowing for the mixing and refinement of liquid steel. Due to the harsh …

The bubbling in liquid steel can improve steel cleanliness effectively. To understand the
single bubble behavior and the interactions between two bubbles, which are basis to …

Continuous casting stands out as one of the most efficient and productive methods for
producing billets, slabs, or thin sheets while conserving energy. Understanding the …