Cancer is a severe public health issue that is a leading cause of mortality globally. It is also
an impediment to improving life expectancy worldwide. Furthermore, the global burden of …

The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first
identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in …

The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) play crucial
roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is an important mechanism in …

Cancer is a condition where the body cells multiply in an uncontrollable manner.
Chemoprevention of cancer is a broad term that describes the involvement of external …

Cancer is a problem with worldwide importance and is the second leading cause of death
globally. Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to support their uncontrolled expansion …

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and the mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR) represent two vital intracellular signaling pathways, which are …

The mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role in
regulation of cell survival, metabolism, growth and protein synthesis in response to upstream …

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), covalently closed noncoding RNAs, are widely expressed in
eukaryotes and viruses. They can function by regulating target gene expression, linear RNA …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in biological processes and continuous
ROS production in normal cells is controlled by the appropriate regulation between the silver …

Vascular and lymphatic malformations represent a challenge for clinicians. The identification
of inherited and somatic mutations in important signaling pathways, including the PI3K …