It is currently accepted that most sex differences in brain and behavior do not result from
direct genomic actions, but develop following early exposure to a sexually differentiated …

The discovery of novel neurohormones is important for the advancement of
neuroendocrinology. In early 1970s, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a …

This study investigated whether gonadal sex differentiation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) is
susceptible to compounds that interfere with cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) …

Higher cognitive function depends on accurate detection and processing of subtle features
of sensory stimuli. Such precise computations require neural circuits to be modulated over …

In songbirds, aromatase (estrogen synthase) activity and mRNA are readily detectable in the
brain. This neural aromatization presumably provides estrogen to steroid‐sensitive targets …

Female animals are protected from many forms of neurological injury and degeneration
relative to their male counterparts, in part attributable to their native estrogens. We …

Testosterone (T) regulates avian behaviors such as song and aggression during the
breeding season. However, the role of T in year-round territorial birds is still enigmatic …

Sexual differentiation of the brain is determined in part by steroids such as estrogen, which
are generally assumed to arise from the gonads. Here we show that estrogens are produced …

Extensive research has focused on territorial aggression during the breeding season and
the roles of circulating testosterone (T) and its conversion to 17β–oestradiol (E2) in the brain …

Estradiol impacts a wide variety of brain processes, including sex differentiation, mood, and
learning. Here we show that estradiol regulates auditory processing of acoustic signals in …