This article reviews the evidence on whether procedurally just treatment of citizens by
agents of the criminal justice system, usually the police, has the effect of increasing the …

Importance Black youth in the US experience disproportionate contact with police even
when accounting for criminal or delinquent behavior, which some experts say is fueled by …

Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a
relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in …

Algorithmic tools for predicting violence and criminality are increasingly deployed in
policing, bail, and sentencing. Scholarly attention to date has focused on these tools' …

Despite decades of declining crime rates, longstanding tensions between police and the
public continue to frustrate the formation of cooperative relationships necessary for the …

In sheer numbers, no form of government control comes close to the police stop. Each year,
twelve percent of drivers in the United States are stopped by the police, and the figure is …

Legal socialization is the process by which children and adolescents acquire their law
related values, attitudes, and reasoning capacities. Such values and attitudes, in particular …

One of the biggest challenges facing modern policing in recent years has been the lack of
police legitimacy. The tipping point of this phenomenon is often attributed to the Rodney …

Exploring the relationship between procedural justice and citizen perceptions of police is a
well‐trodden pathway. Studies show that when citizens perceive the police acting in a …

We report novel empirical estimates of the race-specific effects of larger police forces in the
United States. Each additional police officer abates approximately 0.1 homicides. In per …