Green spaces have gained increasing urgency due to the global and local challenges
resulting from rapid urbanization and environmental issues. This study specifically focuses …

Urban studies attempt to assess open space fragmentation and develop sustainable policies
in high–density cities. However, the complex characteristics of open space fragmentation …

Higher land surface temperature (LST) in cities than their surrounding areas presents a
major sustainability challenge for cities. Decision-makers and planners use the LST …

Parks design relies on understanding user preferences, which are determined through
interviews, surveys, and observations. However, previous methods are limited in their …

Rapid urbanisation has generated numerous environmental consequences, particularly
regarding open space fragmentation. Open space fragmentation is the transformation of …

Refugee young people in countries of first asylum navigate daily life through a set of deeply
challenging, and often traumatic, structures, circumstances, and expectations. Attending to …

The bottom-up or informal placemaking process is “illegal”, practised only by the “poor” and
“unintellectual” classes. The author argues that various classes practise informal …

Top-down or authoritarian urban interventions, in Cairo mushroomed in 2018; flyovers,
transforming the streets into express and arterial roads cutting through residential areas …

Mafraq has witnessed rapid urban growth over successive years. This growth has been
heavily impacted by the presence of 180,000 Syrian refugees inside the city. The wider …

This article aims to prioritize and assess each architecture element to ensure its compliance
with the users' needs, leading to interaction, and holistic interrelation as well as systematic …