Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder which mainly targets motor
symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. The physiological …

Irrespective of the morphological features of end-stage cell death (that may be apoptotic,
necrotic, autophagic, or mitotic), mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) is …

A plethora of studies indicate that iron metabolism is dysregulated in Parkinson's disease
(PD). The literature reveals well-documented alterations consistent with established dogma …

α-Synuclein, a protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD), is thought
to affect mitochondrial functions, although the mechanisms of its action remain unclear. In …

Glutamate receptor-mediated excitatory neurotransmission plays a key role in neural
development, differentiation and synaptic plasticity. However, excessive stimulation of …

The quest to disentangle the aetiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease has been heavily
influenced by the genes associated with the disease. The α-synuclein-centric theory of …

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly.
The motor symptoms occur predominantly due to substantial dopamine depletion, caused by …

Gallic acid and its derivatives are a group of naturally occurring polyphenol antioxidants
which have recently been shown to have potential healthy effects. In order to understand the …

Mitochondria are central to energy metabolism as the source of much of the cell's ATP, as
well as being a hub for cellular Ca 2+ signaling. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ is a positive effector of …

Redox homeostasis governs a number of critical cellular processes. In turn, imbalances in
pathways that control oxidative and reductive conditions have been linked to a number of …