Feeding, which is essential for all animals, is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. In
addition, food consumption is temporally coordinated by the brain over the circadian (~ 24 h) …

Chronic sleep loss as a consequence of voluntary bedtime restriction is an endemic
condition in modern society. Although sleep exerts marked modulatory effects on glucose …

Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain extracellular space is a hallmark of Alzheimer's
disease. The factors regulating this process are only partly understood. Aβ aggregation is a …

Sleep plays an important role in energy homeostasis. The present study tests the hypothesis
that circulating levels of leptin, a hormone that signals energy balance to the brain, are …

Sleep and wakefulness are regulated to occur at appropriate times that are in accordance
with our internal and external environments. Avoiding danger and finding food, which are life …

Mammals respond to reduced food availability by becoming more wakeful and active, yet the
central pathways regulating arousal and instinctual motor programs (such as food seeking) …

Melatonin, the major hormone produced by the pineal gland, displays characteristic daily
and seasonal patterns of secretion. These robust and predictable rhythms in circulating …

Narcolepsy-cataplexy, a neurological disorder associated with the absence of hypothalamic
orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides, consists of two underlying problems: inability to maintain …

Emotions, stress, hunger, and circadian rhythms all promote wakefulness and behavioral
arousal. Little is known about the pathways mediating these influences, but the orexin …

Orexins are hypothalamic peptides that play an important role in maintaining wakefulness in
mammals. Permanent deficit in orexinergic function is a pathophysiological hallmark of …