The skeleton provides mechanical support for stature and locomotion, protects vital organs,
and controls mineral homeostasis. A healthy skeleton must be maintained by constant bone …

The microgravity environment experienced during spaceflight severely impaired immune
system, making astronauts vulnerable to various diseases that seriously threaten the health …

Bone is a dynamically remodeled tissue that requires gravity-mediated mechanical
stimulation for maintenance of mineral content and structure. Homeostasis in bone occurs …

All terrestrial organisms have evolved and adapted to thrive under Earth's gravitational force.
Due to the increase of crewed space flights in recent years, it is vital to understand how the …

The success of interplanetary human spaceflight will depend on many factors, including the
behavioral activity levels, sleep, and circadian timing of crews exposed to prolonged …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been known as a highly prevalent and disabling
disease, which is one of the main causes of low back pain and disability. Unfortunately …

A large body of evidence indicates that single cells in vitro respond to changes in gravity,
and that this response might play an important role for physiological changes at the …

The lunar geological record has much to tell us about the earliest history of the Solar
System, the origin and evolution of the Earth–Moon system, the geological evolution of rocky …

Microgravity is the primary factor that affects human physiology in spaceflight, particularly
bone loss and disturbances of the central nervous system. However, little is known about the …

Mechanical unloading in microgravity is thought to induce tissue degeneration by various
mechanisms, including inhibition of regenerative stem cell differentiation. To address this …