Cancer development is highly associated to the physiological state of the tumor
microenvironment (TME). Despite the existing heterogeneity of tumors from the same or from …

Despite the remarkable success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in melanoma
treatment, resistance to them remains a substantial clinical challenge. Myeloid-derived …

Cutaneous melanoma causes 55 500 deaths annually. The incidence and mortality rates of
the disease differ widely across the globe depending on access to early detection and …

Evidence suggests that cancer immunotherapy will be a major part of the combination
treatment plan for many patients with many cancer types in the near future. There are many …

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment represents not only one of the key factors
stimulating tumor progression but also a strong obstacle for efficient tumor immunotherapy …

Anticancer agents continue to dominate the list of newly approved drugs, approximately half
of which are immunotherapies. This trend illustrates the considerable promise of cancer …

The regulatory approval of ipilimumab (Yervoy) in 2011 ushered in a new era of cancer
immunotherapies with durable clinical effects. Most of these breakthrough medicines are …

Since the mid-1990s, dendritic cells have been used in clinical trials as cellular mediators for
therapeutic vaccination of patients with cancer. Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy is safe …

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature
myeloid cells that suppress innate and adaptive immunity. MDSCs are present in many …

The importance of tumor associated neutrophils (TANs) in cancer development is in the
meantime well established. Numerous of clinical data document the adverse prognostic …