Recent advances in studies of immune memory in mice and humans have reinforced the
concept that memory B cells play a critical role in protection against repeated infections …

Surviving a single infection often results in lifelong immunity to the infecting pathogen. Such
protection is mediated, in large part, by two main B cell memory 'walls'—namely, long-lived …

Summary Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by B cells lacking IgD and
CD27 (double negative; DN). We show that DN cell expansions reflected a subset of CXCR5 …

CD8+ T cells responding to chronic infections or tumors acquire an 'exhausted'state
associated with elevated expression of inhibitory receptors, including PD-1, and impaired …

Both B cell receptor (BCR) and CD40 signaling are rewired in germinal center (GC) B cells
(GCBCs) to synergistically induce c-MYC and phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6) …

Repeated exposure to pathogens or their antigens triggers anamnestic antibody responses
that are higher in magnitude and affinity than the primary response. These involve …

Germinal centers (GCs) are the site of antibody diversification and affinity maturation and as
such are vitally important for humoral immunity. The study of GC biology has undergone a …

How antigen valency affects B cells in vivo during immune responses is not well understood.
Here, using HIV immunogens with defined valencies ranging from 1 to 60, we investigated …

Protective immunity against pathogens depends on the efficient generation of functionally
diverse effector and memory T lymphocytes. However, whether plasticity during effector-to …

The regulation of antibody production is linked to the generation and maintenance of
plasmablasts and plasma cells from their B cell precursors. Plasmablasts are the rapidly …