In 2020, the World Health Organization formally recognized addiction to digital technology
(connected devices) as a worldwide problem, where excessive online activity and internet …

Long-term potentiation and long-term depression (LTP/LTD) can be elicited by activating N-
methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors, typically by the coincident activity of …

Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are proposed to signal reward prediction error (RPE), a
fundamental parameter in associative learning models. This RPE hypothesis provides a …

Correlational data suggest that learned associations are encoded within neuronal
ensembles. However, it has been difficult to prove that neuronal ensembles mediate learned …

Learned associations between drugs and environment play an important role in addiction
and are thought to be encoded within specific patterns of sparsely distributed neurons called …

Experience with drugs of abuse (such as cocaine) produces powerful, long-lasting
memories that may be important in the development and persistence of drug addiction. The …

Sex differences have complicated our understanding of the neurobiological basis of many
behaviors that are key for survival. As such, continued elucidation of the similarities and …

Drugs of abuse induce neuroplasticity in the natural reward pathway, specifically the
nucleus accumbens (NAc), thereby causing development and expression of addictive …

Over 25 years ago, a seminal paper demonstrated that the ubiquitin-proteasome system
(UPS) was involved in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Interest in this topic began to …

We conceptualize brain plasticity as an intrinsic property of the nervous system enabling
rapid adaptation in response to changes in an organism's internal and external environment …