In late 2020, after circulating for almost a year in the human population, severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited a major step change in its …

Interferons (IFNs) are important cytokines that regulate immune responses through the
activation of hundreds of genes, including interferon-induced transmembrane proteins …

Although host responses to the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain are well described, those to
the new Omicron variants are less resolved. We profiled the clinical phenomes …

SARS-CoV-2 spike requires proteolytic processing for viral entry. A polybasic furin-cleavage
site (FCS) in spike, and evolution toward an optimized FCS by dominant variants of concern …

Interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is an antiviral protein that alters cell
membranes to block fusion of viruses. Conflicting reports identified opposing effects of …

A novel coronavirus now known as SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019, possibly following a
zoonotic crossover from a coronavirus present in bats. This virus was identified as the …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was responsible for
the COVID-19 pandemic, efficiently spreads cell-to-cell through mechanisms facilitated by its …

Viral envelope glycoproteins are crucial for viral infections. In the process of enveloped
viruses budding and release from the producer cells, viral envelope glycoproteins are …

Omicron emerged following COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, displaced previous SARS-
CoV-2 variants of concern worldwide, and gave rise to lineages that continue to spread …

The IFN system constitutes a powerful antiviral defense machinery. Consequently, effective
IFN responses protect against severe COVID-19 and exogenous IFNs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 …