Discovered in 1993, micoRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as one of the major
regulatory gene families in eukaryotes. To date, 24521 microRNAs have been discovered …

MicroRNAs are small RNAs that function as regulators of posttranscriptional gene
expression. MicroRNAs are encoded by genes, and processed to form ribonucleoprotein …

Exosomes are the small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells for intercellular
communication. Exosomes are rich in therapeutic cargos such as microRNA (miRNA), long …

A considerable number of genes that code for AU-rich mRNAs including cytokines, growth
factors, transcriptional factors, and certain receptors are involved in both chronic …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent form of cancer with a poor prognosis and with
limited possibilities for medical intervention. Recent evidence has accumulated that long …

In mammalian systems, skeletal muscle exists in a dynamic state that monitors and regulates
the physiological investment in muscle size to meet the current level of functional demand …

Tissue factor has been recognized as a regulator of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
The tissue factor gene is selectively expressed in highly invasive breast cancer cells, and …

Algae are a large group of aquatic, typically photosynthetic, eukaryotes that include species
from very diverse phylogenetic lineages, from those similar to land plants to those related to …

Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a transcription factor that regulates cell fate in a context-
dependent fashion, is normally induced upon growth arrest or differentiation. In many cancer …

Cytokines are critical mediators of inflammation and host defenses. Regulation of cytokines
can occur at various stages of gene expression, including transcription, mRNA export, and …