The trochophora concept and the literature on cleavage patterns and differentiation of
ectodermal structures in annelids (“polychaetes”) and molluscs are reviewed. The early …

Surprisingly little is known about the nature and function of neurohormones in molluscs
despite the fact that many of the neurotransmitters, including serotonin, catecholamines and …

The development of new tools for assessing the health of cultured shellfish larvae is crucial
for aquaculture industries to develop and refine hatchery methodologies. We established a …

Chitons are the most primitive molluscs and, thus, a matter of considerable interest for
understanding both basic principles of molluscan neurogenesis and phylogeny. The …

Background Reconstructing the evolutionary history of nervous systems requires an
understanding of their architecture and development across diverse taxa. The spiralians …

Background Bivalves comprise a large, highly diverse taxon of invertebrate species.
Developmental studies of neurogenesis among species of Bivalvia are limited. Due to a lack …

Although our understanding of neuronal development in Trochozoa has progressed
substantially in recent years, relatively little attention has been paid to the bivalve molluscs …

In the present study we examined muscle development throughout the complete larval cycle
of the bivalve mollusc, Mytilus trossulus. An immunofluorescence technique and laser …

The existing view on neuronal development in polychaetes, as undergoing neurogenesis
beginning in the rudiments of central ganglia and then extending peripherally, has been …

FMRFamide-related peptides are neuropeptides involved in a wide range of biological
processes, including reproduction and larval development. To characterize the involvement …