Convergence is the phenomenon whereby similar phenotypes evolve independently in
different lineages. One example is resistance to toxins in animals. Toxins have evolved …

Muscle necrosis is a potential clinical complication of snakebite envenomings, which in
severe cases can lead to functional or physical sequelae such as disability or amputation …

Understanding how biotic interactions shape the genomes of the interacting species is a
long-sought goal of evolutionary biology that has been hampered by the scarcity of tractable …

A renewed interest in the phenomenon of inter-and intra-species resistance towards the
toxicity of snake venoms, coupled with the search for new strategies for treatment of snake …

The crude aqueous extract from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris, a plant found in Brazilian
open pastures, was assayed for its ability to inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and …

Aqueous extract from Casearia sylvestris leaves, a typical plant from Brazilian open
pastures, was able to neutralize the hemorrhagic activity caused by Bothrops asper …

Understanding how interspecific interactions mould the molecular basis of adaptations in
coevolving species is a long‐sought goal of evolutionary biology. Venom in predators and …

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are commonly found in snake venoms from Viperidae,
Hydrophidae and Elaphidae families and have been extensively studied due to their …

Snake venoms are complex mixtures of many toxins and enzymes which effectively
immobilize prey without a struggle and assist in digestion. Certain animals have a …

Metalloproteinases play an important role in the poisoning process by snake venoms. They
evoke systemic injury, by degrading or activating host blood factors, and local damage by …