Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent depressed mood, loss of
interest or pleasure in previously enjoyable activities, recurrent thoughts of death, and …

As clinicians delivering health care, we are very good at treating disease but often not as
good at treating the person. The focus of our attention has been on the specific physical …

Depression represents the number one cause of disability worldwide and is often fatal.
Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is …

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) accelerates the discovery of …

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may leave long-lasting neurobiological scars,
increasing the risk of developing mental disorders in later life. However, no review has …

Globally, depression is a leading cause of disability and has remained so for decades.
Antidepressant medications have suboptimal outcomes and are too frequently associated …

Immune cells rely on cell-cell communication to specify and fine-tune their responses. They
express an extensive network of cell communication modes, including a vast repertoire of …

The vagus nerve plays a role in the cross talk between the brain and gut microbiota, which
could be involved in depression. The subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve serves as a major …

Notwithstanding advances in understanding the pathophysiology of major depressive
disorder (MDD), no single mechanism can explain all facets of this disorder. An expanding …

The balance between oxidation and antioxidant is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Once
disrupted, it can lead to various pathological outcomes and diseases, such as depression …