This paper reviews flexibility products and flexibility markets, currently being discussed or
designed to help in the operation of power systems under their evolving environment. This …

The volume of services procured by transmission system operators (TSOs) through
distribution-connected resources, aka distributed energy resources (DER), has been …

Rapid deployment of solar photovoltaics (PV), electric heat pumps (HP) and electric vehicles
(EV) is needed to decarbonize the economy. However, the integration of these technologies …

Within the timely framework examining interaction modes at the interfaces between
transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSOs), this letter …

The technical virtual power plant (TVPP) is a promising paradigm to facilitate the integration
of distributed energy resources (DERs) while incorporating operational constraints of both …

Distributed energy resources (DERs) installed in active distribution networks (ADNs) can be
exploited to provide both active and reactive power reserves to the upper-layer grid (ie, sub …

In traditional power system planning problems, transmission and distribution networks are
separated, which is not suitable for future power systems due to the rapid development of …

The increasing deployment of distributed energy resources (DER) within electricity
distribution systems can push them outside their safe operational limits. This urges the …

Recently, the turnover of energy services between transmission-distribution grids has
continued to increase, arousing widespread attention to the efficient coordination between …

The Feasible Operating Region (FOR) is defined as a set of points in the PQ plane that
includes all the feasible active and reactive power flows at the Transmission System …