The application of sequencing technology is shifting from research to clinical laboratories
owing to rapid technological developments and substantially reduced costs. However …

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is increasingly being applied in clinical
laboratories for unbiased culture-independent diagnosis. Whether it can be a next routine …

Naegleria fowleri, a thermophilic flagellate amoeba known as a “brain‐eating” amoeba, is
the aetiological agent of a perilous and devastating waterborne disease known as primary …

Background Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is a rapidly progressive and often
fatal condition caused by the free-living ameba Naegleria fowleri. To estimate the global …

In recent years, drinking water-associated pathogens that can cause infections in
immunocompromised or otherwise susceptible individuals (henceforth referred to as DWPI) …

Research to identify new drugs and guide treatment regimens for amebic
meningoencephalitis is lacking. However, improved diagnostic capabilities may lead to …

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are protozoa widely distributed in the environment, found in a
great diversity of terrestrial biomes. Some genera of FLA are linked to human infections. The …

Pathogenic free-living amoebae affecting the central nervous system are known to cause
granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) or primary amoebic meningoencephalitis …

Free‐living amoebae (FLAs) are protozoa developing autonomously in diverse natural or
artificial environments. The FLAs Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, and …

Background Encephalitis is caused by infection, immune mediated diseases, or primary
inflammatory diseases. Of all the causative infectious pathogens, 90% are viruses or …