Cell-free gene expression (CFE) emerged as an alternative approach to living cells for
specific applications in protein synthesis and labelling for structural biology and proteomics …

Recent developments in synthetic biology may bring the bottom-up generation of a synthetic
cell within reach. A key feature of a living synthetic cell is a functional cell cycle, in which …

Construction of living artificial cells from genes and molecules can expand our
understanding of life system and establish a new aspect of bioengineering. However, growth …

Cell-free systems offer a promising approach to engineer biology since their open nature
allows for well-controlled and characterized reaction conditions. In this review, we discuss …

Building a live cell from non‐living building blocks would be a fundamental breakthrough in
biological sciences, and it would enable engineering new lineages of life, not directly …

The generation of a chemical system capable of replication and evolution is a key objective
of synthetic biology. This could be achieved by in vitro reconstitution of a minimal self …

Engineering synthetic minimal cells provide a controllable chassis for studying the
biochemical principles of natural life, increasing our understanding of complex biological …

Replication, heredity, and evolution are characteristic of Life. We and others have postulated
that the reconstruction of a synthetic living system in the laboratory will be contingent on the …

In all living organisms, genomic DNA continuously replicates by the proteins encoded in
itself and undergoes evolution through many generations of replication. This continuous …

Synthetic biology strives to reliably control cellular behavior, typically in the form of user-
designed interactions of biological components to produce a predetermined output …