The pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins of plants have originally been identified as proteins
that are strongly induced upon biotic and abiotic stress. These proteins fall into 17 distinct …

Plants have a large diversity of metabolites in order to carry out the complicated plant
metabolic pathway in a coordinated manner under normal as well as stressful conditions …

Lesion‐mimic mutants (LMMs) provide a valuable tool to reveal the molecular mechanisms
determining programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. Despite intensive research, the …

Plant viral infection is one of the most severe issues in food security globally, resulting in
considerable crop production losses. Chitosan is a well-known biocontrol agent against a …

Abstract The pathogenesis-related protein-1 (PR1) gene is important for plants to respond to
various biotic and abiotic stresses. Unlike those in model plants, PR1 genes in wheat have …

Summary The effector SnTox3 from Parastagonospora nodorum elicits a strong necrotic
response in susceptible wheat and also interacts with wheat pathogenesis‐related protein 1 …

Polyphenols or plant phenolics are the secondary metabolites which have diverse functions
to mitigate various abiotic (heat, drought, cold, salt or heavy metal) and biotic (bacterial …

Abstract Pathogenesis related protein-1 (PR-1) is the most abundantly produced protein
during defense response against many biotic and abiotic stresses. However, knowledge on …

Plant pathogens emerging as threat to human and animal health has been a matter of
concern within the scientific community. Fusarium oxysporum, predominantly a …

Abstract Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most harmful mycotoxin which prevails in several crops
and affects the growth and yield as well. Hence, keeping the alarming consequences of FB1 …