The past decade has seen a substantial advancement in our understanding of placental
diseases that are associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR). 1 This increased …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is often the result of placental insufficiency and is
characterized by insufficient transplacental transport of nutrients and oxygen. The main …

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as the failure of the fetus to meet its growth potential
due to a pathological factor, most commonly placental dysfunction. Worldwide, FGR is a …

Preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are major contributors to perinatal
mortality and morbidity worldwide. Both are characterized by impaired trophoblastic invasion …

This review considers mechanisms by which transfer across the placenta takes place and
how the capacity of the placenta to supply nutrients relates to fetal growth and vice versa …

Mammalian placentation is a highly regulated process and is dependent on the proper
development of specific trophoblast cell lineages. The two major types of trophoblast, villous …

Effective detection and management of fetal growth restriction is relevant to all obstetric care
providers. Models of best practice to care for these patients and their families continue to …

Objectives Current guidelines for diagnosis and management of early-onset intrauterine
growth restriction (IUGR) rely on umbilical artery Doppler (UAD), without including uterine …

Objectives Screening studies for trisomy 21 demonstrate that low maternal serum pregnancy‐
associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) at 11–13 weeks' gestation is associated with …

Background Pregnancy complications such as pre‐eclampsia and eclampsia, intrauterine
growth restriction and placental abruption are thought to have a common origin related to …