Every aspect of vision, from the opsin proteins to the eyes and the ways that they serve
animal behavior, is incredibly diverse. It is only with an evolutionary perspective that this …

Abstract The Nereid Platynereis dumerilii (Audouin and Milne Edwards (Annales des
Sciences Naturelles 1: 195–269, 1833) is a marine annelid that belongs to the Nereididae, a …

The opsin gene family encodes key proteins animals use to sense light and has expanded
dramatically as it originated early in animal evolution. Understanding the origins of opsin …

Opsin proteins covalently bind to small molecular chromophores and each protein-
chromophore complex is sensitive to particular wavelengths of light. Multiple opsins with …

Across the animal kingdom, environmental light cues are widely involved in regulating
gamete release, but the molecular and cellular bases of the photoresponsive mechanisms …

Phototransduction is based on opsins that drive distinct types of Gα cascades. Although
nonvisual photosensitivity has long been known in marine bivalves, the underlying …

Ciliary and rhabdomeric opsins are employed by different kinds of photoreceptor cells, such
as ciliary vertebrate rods and cones or protostome microvillar eye photoreceptors, that have …

Vision allows animals to detect spatial differences in environmental light levels. High-
resolution image-forming eyes evolved from low-resolution eyes via increases in …

Across eumetazoans, the ability to perceive and respond to visual stimuli is largely mediated
by opsins, a family of proteins belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) …

Background Opsins are the primary proteins responsible for light detection in animals.
Cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, corals) have diverse visual systems that have evolved …