Farm animal welfare is a major concern for society and food production. To more accurately
evaluate animal farming in general and to avoid exposing farm animals to poor welfare …

This paper proposes a new meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by horses' herding behavior for
high-dimensional optimization problems. This method, called the Horse herd Optimization …

During the past decade, stereotypic behavior in horses, specifically crib-biting behavior, has
received considerable attention in the scientific literature. Epidemiological and experimental …

The growing use of the Internet with its vulnerabilities has necessitated the adoption of
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to assure security. IDSs are protective systems that detect …

Optimal power flow plays an important role in integrating wind power into electric power
networks. Because of its complexities, standard formulae are insufficient for the present …

Communication via email has expanded dramatically in recent decades due to its cost-
effectiveness, convenience, speed, and utility for a variety of contexts, including social …

The inconsistent irradiance, temperature, and unexpected behavior of the weather affect the
output of photovoltaic (PV) systems, classified as partial or complex partial shading …

Horses (Equus caballus) have a rich history in their relationship with humans. Across
different cultures and eras they have been utilized for work, show, cultural rituals …

Reasons for performing study: Crib‐biting is an equine stereotypy that may result in
diseases such as colic. Certain breeds and management factors have been associated …

Gregarious animals living in permanent social groups experience intra-group competition.
Conflicts over resources can escalate into costly aggression and, in some conditions, non …