Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary
animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking …

Relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of addiction. During the last
several decades, this clinical scenario has been studied at the preclinical level using classic …

Background Craving is viewed as a major determinant of relapse in persons with substance
addiction, but this association remains poorly understood due to its time-limited nature and …

High rates of relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of drug addiction. In
abstinent drug users, drug relapse is often precipitated by acute exposure to the self …

Background and rationale Results from many clinical studies suggest that drug relapse and
craving are often provoked by acute exposure to the self-administered drug or related drugs …

Addictive drugs have in common that they are voluntarily self-administered by laboratory
animals (usually avidly), and that they enhance the functioning of the reward circuitry of the …

In our target article, we proposed that addiction could be envisioned as misperformance of a
decision-making machinery described by two systems (deliberative and habit systems) …

Some psychoactive drugs are abused because of their ability to act as reinforcers. As a
consequence behavioural patterns (such as drug‐seeking/drug‐taking behaviours) are …

Background and rationale The reinstatement model is widely used to study relapse to drug
addiction. However, the model's validity is open to question. Objective We assess the …

We review drug addiction from the perspective of the hypothesis that drugs of abuse interact
with distinct brain memory systems. We focus on emotional and procedural forms of memory …