Obesity is one of the major health burdens of the 21st century as it contributes to the growing
prevalence of its related comorbidities, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes …

The incidence and prevalence of metabolic and musculoskeletal diseases are increasing.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance, inflammation …

There is a large literature on the relationship between obesity and bone. What we can
conclude from this review is that the increase in body weight causes an increase in BMD …

Obesity and osteoporosis have become major global health problems over the last decades
as their prevalence is increasing. The interaction between obesity and bone metabolism is …

Adipose tissue is a complex organ that comprises a wide range of cell types with diverse
energy storage, metabolic regulation, and neuroendocrine and immune functions. Because …

The current global obesity pandemic is the leading cause for the soaring rates of metabolic
diseases, especially diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and non-alcoholic …

End organ injury in diabetes mellitus (DM) is driven by microvascular compromise (including
diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy). Cognitive impairment is a well-known complication …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly common worldwide. Related complications
account for increased morbidity and mortality, and enormous healthcare spending …

Obesity and associated chronic inflammation initiate a state of insulin resistance (IR). The
secretion of chemoattractants such as MCP-1 and MIF and of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL …

Low plasma testosterone (T) levels correlated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular
diseases, and increased mortality risk. T exerts a significant effect on the regulation of …